Khiva
The Khiva’s situation is on the low part of the river of the Amu-Darya. Many years ago people constructed this Khiva city. This city was renown amid the towns of Khorezm and Khiva Khanate appointed this city as the capital in the XVIII th century. When XIX century began Khiva was known among the people of different countries as the cultural city because of manifold memorials. All these memorials are saved in the one place which was the pristine part of the city and this part of the city was the shakhristan Ichan-kaleh where numerous memorials were constructed near the Eastern gates of Palvan-Darvaz and on the street which passes to the western gates of the city.
Now the Ichan-kaleh is that place which is attended by tourists which was considered to be the pristine district of Khiva city. City is full of ancient historical places which are admirable and you can visit them. Present days we can have attendance of different memorials which were dating back to the first Khan of Khiva. The ancient place of that period of time is Sheikh Said Allauddin mausoleum, which is renowned for its remarkable majolica of inhumation which was constructed in XIV century. The mausoleum devoted to Pakhlavan Mahmud who was known to the public as famous poet and Uzbek national hero and he died in the first quarter of the XIV century. Khiva rulers’ necropolises were buried near that place where was the poet's mausoleum and the earlier rulers’ inhumations which were transferred in this place.
The Pakhlavan Mahmud complex and the interiors of rooms were embellished with majolica tiles, with real Khiva patterns and the domes of complex were dyed with turquoise tiles, and the gateways were embellished with majolica. The square with the major pass of Ichan-kaleh was situated next to the Juma mosque with its minaret and several madrassahs.
People built the Juma mosque or as we call Friday mosque in the XVIII century which was marvelous memorial of that period of time. The walls of Juma mosque were costructed of bricks with various ornaments and the remarkable ceiling was consisted of 212 wooden columns and 20 of these columns had adorable carvings.
The western gateways of the Palvan-Darvaz in Khiva city was the vivacious part of the city. The Anush-khan baths and the madrassah of Khoja Amerdibey of the XVII century are stayed here.
The two-floor Kultug Murad-inak madrassah with 81 khujras (cells) was formed afore the Khoja Amerdibey Madrassah which was built in 1804-1812.
When the Palvan-Darvaz Gateways were constructed in the same time with them were constructed a lot of shops with adorable decor. This part of the city was considered to be the business part because of numerous tradesmen.
When Alla-Kuli-khan was a ruler near the Gates was built the caravanserai. The major facade (tim) was connected to the major passage and near it was located amazing gallery. The AlIa-Kuli-khan Madrasah is prominent according to remarkable gates.
Fantastic palace devoted to Alla-Kuli-khan and Tash-khauli were formed in 1830-1838. The palace was consisted of a several buildings which were applied for living and official purposes ant you can find here numerous courtyards. The harem, the mihmankhaneh or khan's reception hall, the arzkhaneh or the justice court, and a numerous of additional and service quarters and pass were located in the palace. The complex was consisted of the Palvan-Darvaz gallery, the Alla-Kuli-khan Madrasah, a tim, and a caravanserai on the one way and on the other way you can find the square around the Palvan-Darvaz Gateways where you see the Tash-khauli Madrasah and the Kultug Murad-inak Madrasah.
The western entries were situated in that part where the Kunya-Ark was located and it was surrounded by raw bricks wall and there old fortress and Akshikh-baba castle were located and it was considered the center of the city.
Numerous adorable complexes were formed in Ichan-kaleh. The Kunya-Ark applied as the Amin-khan madrassah and it was built 1851 – 1852 on the south part, the Said Muhammed Rakhim-khan II Madrassah was framed in 1871 on the east part. These buildings have done an architectural ensemble which is located around a square.
The Amin-khan Madrasah is enormous and wonderful Madrasah in Khiva. The minaret’s diameter is of 14.2 meters and it was constructed only to the height of 26 meters. The minaret’s name was given by the people of the city as the Kalta-minar because of short size. The vizier Islam Khoja was famous person of that time on the territory of the city and he formed the enormous minaret in Khiva city. The minaret’s height is 50 meters.
There are enormous quantities of architectural memorials in Khiva. The most prominent place is Ichan-kaleh because it is like the adorable ensemble of different buildings with a great history.
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